Trivendra's blog

Over the past few years TCP sequence number prediction attacks have become a real threat against unprotected networks, taking advantage of the inherent trust relationships present in many network installations.   TCP sequence number prediction attacks have most commonly been implemented by opening a series of connections to the target host, and attempting to predict the sequence number which will be used next.   Many operating systems have therefore, attempted to solve this problem by implementing a method of generating sequence numbers in unpredictable fashions.   This method does not solve the problem. This advisory introduces an alternative method of obtaining the initial sequence number from some common trusted services.   The attack presented here does not require the attacker to open multiple connections, or flood a port on the trusted host to complete the attack.   The only requirement is that source routed packets can be...

The Internet Protocol Address (or IP Address) is a unique address that computing devices such as personal computers, tablets, and smartphones use to identify itself and communicate with other devices in the IP network. Any device connected to the IP network must have a unique IP address within the network. An IP address is analogous to a street address or telephone number in that it is used to uniquely identify an entity. Dotted Decimals The traditional IP Address (known as IPv4 ) uses a 32-bit number to represent an IP address, and it defines both network and host address. A 32-bit number is capable of providing roughly 4 billion unique numbers, and hence IPv4 addresses running out as more devices are connected to the IP network. A new version of the IP protocol ( IPv6 ) has been invented to offer virtually limitless number of unique addresses. An IP address is written in "dotted decimal" notation, which is 4 sets of numbers separated by period each set representing ...